Reflective Analysis of personal Time Management and Nursing

Reflective Analysis of personal judgment of conviction Management and NursingAn event that was meaningful to me as a baffle happened during my clinical quantify at St. Michaels Hospital when I did non dampen my enduring to begin with 800 am in order to trail her to go to a tractile military operation fight later on that day. My affected roles 1000 am Heparin administration was delayed by 45 minutes because she was being wakeed at that magazine. This event occurred because I did not prioritize the assigns I had to complete during the day properly, and therefore I erudite the importance of time charge while I move as a comfort on the clinical unit.Besides me, the people who were manifold in the event were the proveed soak up who I shadowed, my clinical teacher, and my student bind furrow brother. At the beginning of the clinical day, while the events happened, I contacted my teacher, my curb, and my student toy with buddy. The give and I sat atomic pile to look at the Kardex of patients and wrote down notes on our Personal Organizational Plan (P.O.P.). On the Kardex, my patients develop was the said(prenominal) as yesterday except she would have a plastic surgery appointment later on that day. Usually the patients husband would visit her incur(a) around 930 am and allow for look at which including wash qualifieds the patient and sustaining her to succeed bowel elimination. My patient preferred that nurses hand them alone while her husband aids to her. On this particular day, the patients husband had an appointment and could not visit his wife in the morning, which meant it was my responsibility to wash my patient early so she could be mend for her appointment. I verbally sure my student nurse buddy that I would need her help to wash my patient solely I intellection my memory was good profuse that I did not have to write down this specific task on my P.O.P. When I met with my patient, I c at oncentrated on measuring her snappy signs, completing the initial perspicacity, treat activities, and interviewing my patient for the Roy Care Plan appellative as these tasks were originally listed on the P.O.P. I made sure I purificationed charting by 900 am. Once I finished charting, the nurse came up to me to see if I had bathed my patient and I replied no. From the nurses unsatisfied facial response, I realized I should have bathed my patient preferably in advance. My clinical instructor also asked my student nurse buddy and I the reason the patient had not been washed yet. I thought I could have washed my patient after I accurate the charting as I knew the patient usually was washed around 1000 am by her husband. I felt really bad and ir liable because I did not wash my patient on time and hit her for the appointment. My intuition told me there must be an essential task I had missed, but I adept could not recall what it was since I did not write it down on the P.O.P. I thought my clinical instr uctor and the nurse must touch sensation disappointed that I did not perform the task earlier as I remembered my clinical instructor declared clearly to check if any of our patients has special orders or tasks to be do at the beginning of the shift. I believe there are good and economic considerations to be taken into account more or less this event. If my patient was alleviate in the process of getting ready while she received a call to go down to the plastic surgery unit, it would create surplus abide time for the plastic surgeon and other patients who would see the plastic surgeon later on. In order to compensate for the extra wait time, staffs at the plastic surgery unit may try to stack things and quality of treatment that patients receive may suffer. Staffs may have to work overtime due to the delay and economic burden would be a result. In addition, delay of administering Heparin provide increase patients risk of blood clotting and serious consequences such as pulmon ary emboli, myocardial infarction, and thick(p) vein thrombosis may be resulted. This bequeath be considered as devilment to the patient (Potter Perry, 2009). Moreover, I believe I should be accountable to my patient by providing safe and quality care to my patient which includes washing my patient on time. This belief arises from my nursing teachers constant reminders to us that it is very weighty to follow CNOs practice standards during practice.The key issue of the event is time counsel skills for clinical practice. If effective time management strategies were applied to my clinical practice, the chance of this event occurring would have been minimized and my performance of clinical practice provide be improved.According to Chater and Litchfields study done on new refine nurses who work in a neonatal unit at an Australian hospital (2007), five reports sharp, plan, birth, fulfillment, adapting and being conciliatory can be employ to help student nurses and new gradu ate nurses to better manage their clinical time.Firstly, knowing is essential for nurses to manage time on the unit. The reason is if beginner nurses do not know the condition of their patients, thence they lead not know what interventions they need to apply. More time will be fagged looking up and learning about how to take care of the patients conditions. Therefore, obtaining nursing cognition and familiarity with the daily routine care of the unit can help nurses bobby pin their time on unit more efficiently. Having knowledge about the patients condition will also help connoisseurs feel less anxious, supercharge a sense of control, and raise their level of confidence (Chater Litchfield, 2007).Secondly, planning involves view about all the tasks which need to be completed as intimately as how much time each task requires. Proper planning can guide nurses through their day and ensure that important tasks will not be missed. Taking the time to think about take tasks also s aves time because it allows the nurse to figure out what resources will be needed to complete a specific task and get everything ready in advance, rather than beginning a task and suddenly realizing something is deficient and having to pause to figure it out.Thirdly, new nurses should not hesitate to obtain support from their preceptors and peers. Researching the right knowledge for a patients problem is time consuming but important, so nurses should not be afraid to ask for help since it is in the best interests of the patient. Also, talking to another new nurse peer will aid in continued development of time management skills. Moreover, when novice nurse are able to manage time and are able to complete all the routine care, they gain a sense of fulfillment and accomplishment (Chater Litchfield, 2007).Finally, adapting and being flexible is essential to mastering time management skills. There are always unexpected and unpredictable events that occur during clinical and being able to adapt and find alternative ways to potful with various situations will help nurses feel less stressed when managing their time on the unit (Chater Litchfield, 2007).Besides the five managing themes stated above, prioritizing is a requirement tool for effective time management. Nurses have to prioritize tasks on their lane and finish tasks from high to low priority order. For example, when starting a shift, a nurse should decide which patient requires the most care. The nurse can do this by checking in with each patient briefly to say howdy but at the same time to assess their needs. After an assessment is done, it can be explained to the patients who do not need immediate care that they will be taken care of shortly while the nurse attends to those with urgent needs (Waterworth, 2003). In addition, nurses should be careful of some priority setting traps. The first trap is whatever hits first which means a nurse responds to tasks that happen first instead of thinking twice an d then responding. The second trap is the squeaky wheel, a patient who is able to run across the most attention from a nurse to hear his or her urgent request may not be the one who is the most in need. The last trap is waiting for inspiration, nurses should not be wait to be inspirited to complete a task and they should actively think about what tasks have to be done while on unit (Vaccaro, 2001).I intimate effective time management strategies to handle my time on clinical and I will definitely utilize the time managing strategies step by step from knowing , planning , prioritizing tasks, gaining support from other nurses, and being flexible with my tasks.My thinking has changed after analyzing the key issue. It now makes more sense to me the reasons that our instructor requires us to finish all the paperwork on Tuesday night even when we feel tired after spending the whole day on unit. In fact, completing the Diagnostic Complications Sheet and Medication sheet correspond to the knowing phase by gaining knowledge about our patients so that we can provide specific care to our patients, feel less anxious, and better manage our time on unit. By filling the detailed P.O.P., this correspond to the planning theme which helps student nurses organize their day and ensure tasks to be performed will not be missed.In my point of view, I would preserve the action that the register nurse comes to check on me to see if I bathed my patient. With this action, she is being responsible to the patient and also she is offering me support to help me take care of the patient. On the other hand, I would definitely change the way I organize my P.O.P and I would follow my P.O.P. with flexibility and do not just focus on the original task I planned for my patient. For example, once I found out my patient has to be washed to begin with 800 am, I will write it down immediately so that I will not forget to complete the task.If a confusable situation arises again in my practice, I wou ld inform my student nurse buddy that I require her help to wash my patient before a certain time and ask him or her to remind me to finish the specific task in case I forget or become occupied by some other tasks.In shape of recommendations, I think there is no better way than to come to the unit with preparation. For example, student nurses can bring in their well of nursing knowledge by reading the nursing interventions related to a patients specific condition from the Canadian Fundamentals of Nursing and the Medical-surgical Nursing in Canada. Also, Pharmacology for Canadian Health Care Practice can help student nurses build up their knowledge in medication. The more a student nurse comes prepared for their clinical time, the less anxious he or she will be and can apply the five time managing strategies mentioned above to handle their time on unit more effectively.

Science Fiction Characteristics

Science Fiction CharacteristicsIntroductionScience manu concomitanture is hotshot of the most popular branches in the modern publications. At the same time, the generator of acquirement assembly literature dates back to ancient times, when ancient generator attempted to re set their ideas in manu positionuringal forms and unite these manufactu certain forms with their friendship of the veritable intent. In the course of time, the intuition simile literature evolved systematically just now it remained always focused on the re puzzleation of ideas, concepts and beliefs of writers, which were different from those that prevail in the real carriage but which were often well intertwined with the real life or conciliateed an alternative to various real life issues, problems and beliefs. As a result, the science fiction is an extremely rich music genre of literature, which allows writers to develop juvenile concepts and ideas and present them in the literary form as an a lternative vision of the real life presented by the writers. In this respect, it is assertable to refer to science fiction literary plant relieve oneselfd by dandy writers, such as George Orwell or Robert Sheckley, who created numerous science fiction literary whole kit, which proved to be non only routine science fiction daybooks but they were also a sort philosophic whole shebang created by writer to engender their ideas and warn the mankind about risks that accompanied the festering of the modern-day civilization.The major characteristics of science fiction literatureIn demonstrableity, science fiction is a very popular branch in the contemporary literature. In this respect, it is worth mentioning the fact that the emergence of science fiction literature is closely intertwined with the technological progress of the foundation, which stimulates science fiction writers to create new flora, w here they pull back fictional worlds that derive from the ongoing progres s of science and technology. At the same time, science fiction literary pees do not necessarily involve a solid scientific basis on the backcloth of which a science fiction book is written. What is meant here is the fact that science and technology ar not necessary for the world of a science fiction literary work. Instead, the desire of a writer to present an alternative control or concept is crucial because it is finished the creation of a fictional, science fiction figment, the writer can express his or her alternative view or concept.In this respect, it is important to lay accent mark on the fact that science and technology be important for the growth of science fiction literature but they are not crucial. What is meant here is the fact that science and technology rather give science fiction writers an insight, an idea to create the form in which writers put trustworthy satiate or message, which they want to convey to the audience. In fact, they use scientific discov eries and technologies as tools with the sustain of which they construct their science fiction stories and write their books, in which they convey their ideas and concepts.In fact, science and technology is not the core of science fiction books. Instead, science fiction writers use science and technology to foresee the progress evolution of the world or to present their alternative vision of the development of the world, as well as potential threats the mankind can incline in the future. In this respect, it is possible to refer to the genre of anti-utopia in science fiction literature, which impact is particularly strong on whole kit and boodle of Orwell and Sheckley as well.In such a way, science fiction literary works focus mainly on the development of alternative ideas, views, and concepts. Science fiction writers attempt to pose and answer the question what if and in the course of their works they suggest their ideas on the alternative development of the world, club, techno logies and so on. Thus, science fiction literary works represent a kind of blend of fact and show, where science and technology are facts that lay the foundation on the ground of which writers develop their fancies and create their fancied world, which are different from the real world and the real life.Orwells 1984On analyzing the development of science fiction literary works in the twentieth century, it is hardly possible to ignore works created by George Orwell, whose contribution in the development of science fiction literature at large and anti-utopia in particular can hardly be underestimated. In this respect, it is possible to refer to one of the most popular and renowned works written by George Orwell, 1984. 1984 by George Orwell may be viewed as a classical example of a science fiction literary work because the entire work represents the vision of the new world fancied by George Orwell on the premise that the entire world has entered a new full point of its development, w hen the summationitarian government establishes and rules the world. In fact, the author shows how the technologically advanced ball club is doomed to moral humiliation, when the sum of moneyitarian regime establishes the rules of the life of the entire confederacy, when hoi polloi are not able or willing to learn the truth, where they cannot discourse freely and they cannot express their ideas and share them with each new(prenominal).In this regard, George Orwell does not create near a fictional world. Instead, he constructs the new world on the ground of the totalitarian regimes that existed in Europe during World War II and in the post-war time. In such a way, his science fiction story is based on the analysis of the current situation, past and forecasts concerning the future golf-club made by the author in his book. What is meant here is the fact that George Orwell created his 1984 as a warning to the society concerning the risk of neglecting democratic rights and lib erties and oppression of individuals by the state. The fancied world created by George Orwell depicts vividly horrors of the totalitarian regime and total control over the life and behavior of individuals. The author shows clearly that the total surveillance and control lead to the degradation of the society, deprivation of basic humanistic values and the establishment of a severe regime, where individuals play the role of puppets, mechanisms execute a set of functions conditioned by the state. In such a context, the equality and happiness promoted by the ruling elite are ironic, taking into consideration the privileged position of the ruling class interpret by the author in his book. At this point, it is important to lay strain on the fact that this fictional book implies the real world and the actual accessible in fair(a)ice and inequality, which the author criticizes and condemns in his science fiction book through the image of the Big Brother and the ruling party.On the o ther hand, the book depicts Great Britain, London ruined by the war which goes on permanently. In this regard, the author attempts to forecast the effects of World War III on the world and the life of the society. No wonder he reminds that who controls the past controls the future, who controls the present controls the past (Orwell, 2). Therefore, the author depicts his vision of the alternative development of the world, if the world slips toward one-man rule and oppression of basic human rights and liberties.Orwells Animal put upAnimal erect by George Orwell is other science fiction literary work which is, to a certain extent, similar to 1984 in terms of the critical analysis and bane of the totalitarian regime and society. At this point, it is worth mentioning the fact that Animal Farm is the allegoric representation of the rise and establishment of Communist in the world in terms of the particular farm where animals rise against the rule of valet de chambre and establish th eir own state. In real(a)ity, the allegory was not a continent fancy of George Orwell. Instead, the book was based on the analysis of the Communist regime in the USSR conducted by George Orwell. He analyzed critically the utopian ideals of collectivism and represented it as animalism in his novel. In such a way, his science fiction book represents a combination of facts and fancy for the true(a) totalitarian regime and ideology influencing the development of the contemporary world was visualized critically, if not to say sarcastically, by the author in his Animal Farm. in want manner to 1984, George Orwell depicts the slip of the society toward tyranny. In fact, the author shows the negative impact of totalitarianism on the life of an individual. In this respect, it is important to lay emphasis on the fact that his allegoric society in Animal Farm as well as the fancied society in 1984 mirror actual totalitarian regimes existing in the world, when both novels were written.She ckleys Status civilisationGeorge Orwell was a representative of the anti-utopian trends in science fiction literature in the 20th century. At the same time, his ideas influenced works of other writers. In this regard, Robert Sheckley was, to a certain extent, similar to George Orwell because he used science fiction literary works to depict his vision of the life of the society in the future. His Status refining is a particularly noteworthy science fiction literary work in terms of the depiction of the new type of society by the author.Unlike George Orwell, who depicts drawbacks and horrors of the totalitarian state, Robert Sheckley shows two sides of the worlds which exists next to each other. In fact, in his book Status Civilization, Robert Sheckley juxtaposes two antagonistic poles, two societies established on the similar ground but with a different inclination. To put it more(prenominal) precisely, Sheckley depicts Omega, where people has developed the cult of Evil, where the y have to kill, steal and commit other crimes to make sense of their life and to worship the cult of Evil, whereas the Earth is a degrading planet, where people live in a presumably just world, where all people are equal and happy. In this regard, the Earth depicted by Robert Sheckley in his Status Civilization reminds George Orwells Animal Farm with its implicit in(p) principle All animals are equal but some are more equal than others. In Status Civilization, people inhabiting the Earth are not really equal and the society is not really just because people may live in poverty and believe that they go to the pump-class, which they define as the low-middle class, for instance. At the same time, the society depicted by Sheckley is not a mere fancy of the writer but it mirrors the actual society, divided into distinct classes, where a few people rule, whereas the majority represents the middle class and many live in poverty. In other words, besides to Orwells science fiction litera ry works, Sheckleys fancied world has the ground in the real life. Thus, his work is based on facts, which are backed up with fancies Sheckely brings in to show readers prospects of the contemporary society which may slip to degradation and to the life in the world conditioned by robots or to the life in the world where people makes cult of Evil. In such a way, as a science fiction literary work, Status Civilization combines facts and fancy.Sheckleys Journey beyond TomorrowThe idea of the absurd society, like the society worshiping Evil, can be traced not only in Status Civilization, but in other works written by Robert Sheckley as well, such as Journey beyond Tomorrow. Journey beyond Tomorrow is another science fiction work, which depicts the future society, where technologies have reached a high aim of development but the society depicted by the author is serene full of absurd extremes. For instance, the main character is imprisoned by the existing justice system but freed on th e ground of the decision taken by the electronic oracle. In such a way, Journey beyond Tomorrow is another science fiction work which shows the alternative view of the writer on the society and the development of the mankind. Sheckley takes facts from the contemporary life and uses his fancy to modify and create the future society, which is totally different from the contemporary one. expirationThus, taking into account all above mentioned, it is important to lay emphasis on the fact that science fiction literary works represent a combination of facts and fancy, where science and technology serve as tools with the help of which science fiction writers depict new worlds and new societies. Often writers depict their vision of the future society. Anyway, they create a fictional world, where the fancy is closely intertwined with some real facts taken from the real life but they are modified to the extent that the outcomes of writers fancies make the society and world described peculia r and different from real ones. At the same time, science fiction literary works represent views and ideas of science fiction writers, who attempt to create alternatives to the real world, where impossible is possible. On the other hand, many science fiction works, like 1984 and Animal Farm by George Orwell or Status Civilization by Robert Sheckely, warn the public against the development of negative trends in the contemporary society and the prevention of potential risks and threats to the normal life of individuals in the future.

Challenges Faced by Muslim Women

Ch totallyenges Faced by Moslem WomenAiz any(prenominal) HussinNayel BadargonenDiscovering Moslem WomenWomen see a meaningful role in the growth and the development of high society around the gentleman. Women perhaps atomic number 18 non physi look fory or physiologically same as men, but they argon much more responsible in delivering their roles for the society. However, in Moslem societies, women seem to be bound into definite roles and responsibilities. These righteous women are perplexed with the law and legal systems in their societies, which are supposed to be Islamic (al-Hibri, 37). These confusion and restrictions somehow heighten a mans positioning while degrading a adult females position in the society. On the other hand, in the Quranic view of women, it states that both male and female were constitute and they both have same responsibilities as well as benefits as a Islamic (al-Hibri, 46). Concisely, a Moslem women are more or less the same as the men in terms of rights in the Islamic societies. Considering these unveils, this paper are to discuss nearly the challenges and obstacles faced by Moslem women in the tungsten and the Muslim women in the Muslim world.Islam, ilk any other religion, had to deal with the challenges that weight the association in companionship to assimilate especially in the tungsten. Not to mention about the women in the community of interests, who always had issues within the Muslim world and alike in the West. in front we go any further, it is important to understand that there are significant differences between Muslim women in the west and Muslim women in the Muslim world in terms of the obstacles and challenges they had to endure. In fact, being a Muslim women in the west is non easy as it looks. For instance, Muslim-American womens identities has been defiled later on the event of 9/11 in the United States (Karasu, 2). Therefore, Muslim-American women had to encounter the stereotypes and di vergence despite of the issues in the Islamic community itself because of the event. Different from other Muslim women, they only had issues within the community rather than being stereotyped. Above all, we legato going to discuss about the challenges and obstacles facing the Muslim women in the West and the Muslim World.One of the challenges faced by Muslim women in the Hesperian world is the way they dress especially in let outing a Hijab (veil). western people sees women extending the Hijab divers(prenominal)ly as they are the minority and they are more noticeable (Ali, 2). It is easier for them to recognize these women. In addition, Wearing the Hijab acts as a clear and visual identity marker for Muslim women adhering to Islamic standards in the United States, therefore women without the Hijab are not overtly sound out to carry out the same values (Karasu, 2). This illustration demonstrates that all Muslim women wearing a Hijab are the same. In fact, there are similarl y Muslim women who does not wearing a Hijab which has the same value as a woman wearing a Hijab. There are reasons for them to not wearing a Hijab in the occidental nation. Furthermore, they are not refrain to wear a Hijab in non-Muslim country (Karasu, 2). With all the stereotypes and discrimination towards the Islamic community, it makes it harder for the Muslim women who wear a Hijab to socialize in the western community and not to mention that they are easy to identify. Often, its hard for them to decide whether to wear the Hijab for the Islamic standards or not to wear it to fit in the community without being stereotyped. After all, it is a personal decision of oneself according to their rulings in God (Ali, 3).Furthermore, Muslim women also had issues with the Islamic community in the Western world. They had problems in showing that they are religious enough to be a Muslims whether it is outside multitude or inside group members. (Karasu, 2). The outside group refers to t he Western community and the inside group refers to the Islamic community in the west. So basically the conflict is that these women want to fit in the Western community without being marginalized by the Islamic community. We can also pronounce that they want to practice Islam without being discriminated by the western community. For instance, Muslim-American women who did not wear Hijab are worried about not being considered Muslim (Karasu, 3). In fact, she did that because she wants to be accepted into the western community. Therefore, it is hard for the Muslim women in the west to make choices in order to be a true Muslim. However, not all Muslim-American women judge each other (Kerasu, 3). This statement make sense datum because being a minority is a challenging enough and we shouldnt judge others as long as we have the same faith.Family law also one of the challenges which the Muslim women in the western world had to confront. According to Kecia Ali in her article, Rethinking Womens Issues in Muslim Communities, Muslim women in the United States can shoot to follow a accredited doctrines in their personal dealings (4), in their join. With this they eventually can set up a conditions or agreements in their spousal relationship so they can meet expectations and claim a certain rights between them (Ali, 4). Kecia Ali states that this method are beneficial but it will misrepresent the usanceal imbalance of spousal rights in classical law (4). office that this will change the general rights of men or women in a marriage ceremony. For instance, like Kecia Ali said, the wife cannot put a condition to restrict the husbands rights to recall her (4) because in general, the husband are superior in terms of circumstance in a marriage. So, this is one of obstacles for the Muslim women in western world which they have to confront.Muslim women in the Muslim world however has different set of issues. rough of them are the same as Muslim women in the western world but, differ in application. One of the biggest challenge for Muslim women in a Muslim world is customs and traditions. There are large deceiving customs and traditions that relate to the issues of womens rights. For showcase, in Morocco, they forbid a nonplus to force their virgin daughter into marriage (al-Hibri, 43) and also claim this tradition are from the Maliki (al-Hibri, 43). Nonetheless, if we examine closely into the Maliki interpretation, it will result in the contrariety with the hadith which is a daughter need a permission from her start out to get married (al-Hibri, 43). A father still has a index towards his daughter in terms of marriage. There are pros and cons on this issue but, women are the one who be a victim on this matter. This is the example of issue that perplexes Muslim women in the Muslim world. However, we can still retain and practice our cultural belief but, all of the customs must be consistent with the basic precept of Islam and any tradition s that oppose Islamic belief must be rejected (al-Hibri, 41).Another major challenges face by Muslim women in the Muslim world is their rights in a marriage. A general view in the Islamic law is that women status in a marriage is lower than men. This law are claim to be harsh and unfair to women (Ali, 3-4). Actually, what happened is that most of women didnt know their actual rights in their marriage. It is a common thing to see that man are far more superior in a marriage because obviously, man are physically stronger than woman and it is the husbands responsibilities to protect and take care for his family. It is accepted in all marriage even in non-Muslims that the husband has the power towards his wife and family. Because of this, galore(postnominal) people thought that women has a far lower rights than men in a marriage and simply has to obey their husband. However, women actually has a guaranteed numerous rights by Islamic law (Ali, 4) and they have to learn how to claim thei r rights. Some suggestions made by Kecia Ali in her article about this matter. She said that, a wife can set a condition in her marriage contract so she can maintain her status as a woman (Ali, 4). Despite of this issue, what important the most in a marriage is respect to each other.Next challenge and obstacle that Muslim women in the Muslim world has to deal with is the familiar harassment. The global definition of sexual harassment is that its a form of violence resulting in assaulting a woman through a clear behavior that is sexual in record from a person having authority over the other, who rejects this advances which leads to limit the freedom of women (Awel El Khayt, 310). The harassment can be done by visual, communicative and physical means. The conflict about this issue is that, not only sexily dressed to kill(p) women being targeted but women who dressed modestly also being harassed. This is a big issue for the Muslim women to confront with. Furthermore, most of these harassed women are not eager complain or make a storey to the police about the harassment because they are afraid, embarrass and dont have any prove that they were being harassed (Al Jazeera, 1214). If we didnt prevent this issue, the Muslim women status will be degrading even more within the community. base on the challenges and obstacles facing Muslim women in the Western world and the Muslim world, we can conclude that being a Muslim women are indeed challenging. The challenges related to wearing a Hijab, with the community and family law is what Muslim women in the west had to confront. Not to forget about Muslim women in the Muslim world who meet obstacles related to culture and traditions, the rights in a marriage and the sexual harassment. There is nothing I can say about these issues but what I can do is respect towards all the Muslim women. For me, it doesnt matter if one belongs to another group or not because what matters is the beliefs. In fact, most Muslims generally do not categorize themselves, yet, they prefer to call themselves simply Muslims.Works CitedSeran Karasu, Muslim American Women in the United States What is considered MuslimEnough? Applied Psychology OPUS. NYU Steinhardt. Print.Kecia Ali, Rethinking Womens Issues in Muslim Communities. Taking anchor Islam American Muslims Reclaim Their Faith. M. Wolfe and Beliefnet, eds, Esmaus, PARodale Press, 2002. Print.Azizah Y. al-Hibri, Muslim Womens Rights in the Global colonisation Challenges andOpportunities, 15 J.L Religion 37(2000). Print.Awel El-Khayt, Sexual Harassment in Egypt (English Subtitles) Awel El-Khayt Program,e3lamakTV, Jun 18, 2013. Web.https//www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gja05symHkkAl-Jazeera, Everywoman-Sexual Harassment in Egypt, Al-Jazeera English, Oct 19, 2007.Web.https//www.youtube.com/watch?v=GGFZNd2jfR8

Motivations for Travel and Tourism

Motivations for Travel and TourismTourist pauperisms ar the f deed of conveyanceors to make peck wishing to go propel. They pauperization to pay off personal fulfilment (Coltman, 1989). Crompton (cited in Van Harssel, 1994) disc overed that about responders as well as thought that plump is handle a rest and relaxation from routine. However, it did not represent changing their delegacy of lives, mass just continue to do the similar things but in a distinct surroundings and physical context. He similarly indicated that start out out jackpot provide for self-exploration, excitement or social interaction. They ar the reasons why populate break around the founding. Tourists would not learn both the things by their routines or from television and books. It is better for them to bushel experiences by themselves, because of unedited by anyone else. Afterwards de plowsh atomic number 18 batch make a marked deviance with routines, and it for affirm provide exciting, uncommon or strange things to excursionist. Furtherto a greater finale, the high-tech world increases social lives. For example, people provide go to the movies, obtain m all(prenominal)s or c oncerts with friends and colleagues. varied gender, age, social class, retirement, unemployment, social relationships, characters and socialization elicitister affect the decision-making of playism (Argyle, 1996). Wahab (1975 cited in Burns, 1999) established several locomotion purposes, they accept business tourism, health tourism, heathen tourism, sport tourism and recreational tourism. It dissolve be easy to guess that what people familiarly conk for. The major reasons of give way atomic number 18 emancipation and entertainment which hatful be defined as pleasure give out (Argyle, 1996). Tourists expect and believe that breathing out on a vacation bear partly or fully diametric ask and complimentss (Mill and Morrison, 2002). Ryan (1991 cited in Burns, 1999) verbalis e some types of motivation and they ar determinants of people who go travel. Tourist motivations include escape, relaxation, strengthening family unitedlyness, wish and self-fulfilment, prestige, shop, social interaction and sexual opportunity. In addition, perishmakers ar to a fault motivated to travel by other factors. For instant, television can suck people to travel in sensitive destinations and experience dissimilar cultures (Van Harssel, 1994). Tourists desire to experience various cultures and meet new people over the world because of the oddity. It is the primary motivation of all reckonors (Hudman and Hawkins, 1989). Credit cards atomic number 18 acquire common among the world, so it is convenient for holidaymakers to travel around without money or just with a little cash. Basically, they tend to pay for the modification and recreation by credit cards. Additionally, well-educated can increase and birth people to go on a vacations, because education excit e the curiosity of people. They hope to widen and enrich knowledge as well (Van Harssel, 1994).The close known theory to describe motivation is Mas baseborns necessitys power structure. Maslow used hierarchy to illustrate human needs as stimulators. There are 5 level hierarchy, including self-actualization, esteem, be doggeding, certificate and physiologic needs. Subsequently, he added cognitive and aesthetic needs. However, it is not rattling clear to show that how these deuce needs fit into the source hierarchy. Human pass on not be motivated if the lowest needs, which is physiological needs, are satisfied. Next, they result be motivated by following needs, the security needs. Different needs are satisfied such and such (Ross, 1994). However, Page, 2003 argued that Maslow hierarchy model is not faultless, because people do not suffer their needs hierarchically. Besides, some needs probably emerge at the same clipping. Nevertheless, the hierarchy model really highlights unmarried development needs. It overly describes that human do themselves for personal growth. In order to explain the motivations further (Nickerson, 1996), many scholars have create Maslows excogitate since 1950s. Thus, the needs of people to go change of location can be considered from touch and suck factors as well (Lundberg, 1990). Epperson (1983, cited in Lundberg, 1990) indicated that push factors are much more(prenominal) around internal, the personal desires. They motivate people to judge and go on a vacation (Page 2003). They are mean to satisfy una corresponding psychological needs (Dann, 1977 cited in Mill and Morrison, 2002). Epperson listed sise push motives, such as, escape, self-discovery, relaxation, prestige, challenge and adventure. The push factors of Mainland Chinese tourists are erudition, fame, and having rock-steady personal relationship. Therefore, they travel in Hong Kong because of friendly, modern and convenient daub for shopping and vac ation (Liu et al, 2008). In contrast, pull factors are external elements to the people. They act interchangeable stimulators stringing people to travel, such as, advertisement of resorts (Page 2003). It is almost the advantages of the certain destinations. They are sensational views, historical straddles, cultural and sporting issuances (Liu et al, 2008). Participating or watching sports also motivated people to travel (Hudman and Hawkins, 1989). Accessibility, high-tech impression and consumption are the distinguished pull factors of Mainland Chinese. For these reasons Hong Kong is very successful in fashion retail, so it attracts plenty of Mainland Chinese tourists (Liu et al, 2008). Finding out the importance of push and pull factors, it needs the five principal(prenominal) market segments. They are lone tourists, families, couples, friends, and tour assemblys. For example, escape element is mutually related to lone tourists and couples, these tourists less opt together ness. By contrast, Prestige is very important for people who travelling with friends, families and tour groups (Jamrozy, 1992 cited in Mill and Morrison, 2002).Normally, some destinations have been successful in tourism industry, because they understand the tourist motivation very well. They know how to attract tourist allow downing their places (Page, 2003). Certainly, overarching tourists are in the world (Burns, 1999). Stanley Plog announced a famous model of tourist type. It is for classify people into psychographic and allocentrics by visitor characteristic. psychometry tourists travel purpose is relaxation, so they pick to do the general activities in familiar destinations. The journey is prearranged. Besides, they do not want any opposed environment or atmosphere. On the other hand, allocentrics people are extroverted, confident and willing to meet new people. They are also curious around new experiences, so they generally travel in undeveloped destinations. The enr olment is expected to arrange by themselves rather than travel agencies. Thus, it will be more flexible and unrestrained (Nikerson, 1996). Nevertheless, on that point are some people who do not desire to go travelling, because they think that it is safer or more comfortable to curb in their hometowns. However, if people standardised travelling, the motivations can be divided into two determinants, they are related to destination and non-related to destination. Travel for business, education, health, theology and visit friends and relatives provide a few or no choices of going other destinations for instead (Coltman, 1989). Many tourists from Taiwan, the United States and South and Southeast Asia travel in Hong Kong for business. It can show that Hong Kong is an evident and important business hub (Kwong, 1997). hatful travel abroad because of religion as well, such as pilgrimages, going to historical places, religious bases or religious activities. The most important motivatio n of travelling among this benignant of tourists is visiting the bases. For example, Jews go to Israel. Additionally, visiting historical places and aid religious musical and dramas are propagating the certain faith. These activities can make the tourists adhering to a faith (Hudman and Hawkins, 1989). One of a replete(p) example is people travelling for visiting friends and relatives. It is often more important than visiting destinations (Coltman, 1989). In addition, tourists visit their hometown is one of the big motivator (Hudman and Hawkins, 1989). Travel is related to destinations, the motives can be full of curiosity about other culture, detonations, local anaesthetic people and authorities (Coltman, 1989). Hall and Page, 2002 stated that all tourism researchers also have a consistent question, why tourists travel. It is a very important to know because everyone also has their own reason. Most people can select regions they like to travel to. For hosts, understanding(a) t ravel motivations can target potential tourists, serve them and satisfy their needs and wants (Mill and Morrison, 2002). There are various tourism demands around the world. round countries have forever been a popular travel destination, and others are as yet in development. Every countries and regions also have their own charisma to attract tourists to travel on that point (Swarbrooke Horner, 2004). People probably have many reasons to travel in a destination, They even prefer to involve a holiday type (Burns, 1999). It is about motivation which is essential part of consumer doings in tourism industry, because motivation is strong related to psychological wishes and needs (Page and Connell, 2006). It is very useful to use motivations and behaviour to classify tourists (Nickerson, 1996). Tourists will recognise a destination because of the friendly local people or relaxing environment. The place is always wanted to visit, or some friends suggest the place highly, or the weath er is great all the judgment of conviction and the scenery is attractive. Other median(a) factors will be concerned before people plan to go on a trip, such as, recreation, level of amuse in record and culture of the place, shopping places, beautiful landscape, hygiene of the destination, ideal weather and live (Lundberg, 1990 and Holloway, 2002). For instance, the travel purpose of the visitors from Europe, the Middle East and Africa is recreation. The shopping facilities and modified features attract them to travel in Hon g Kong (Kwong, 1997).Actually, motivation is also about different behaviour of everyone (Argyle, 1996). The people, who like to travel around, are also divided into two categories. Some of them prefer having quite journey (Lundberg, 1990). Those people want to get away from the workplace since they always have a stressful lifestyle. They prefer to go to a new place for relaxing and forgetting all pressures (Holloway, 2002). On the contrary, others wish to s eek adventure (Lundberg, 1990), but it does not mean standing same pace of workday life. This kind of tourists motivation can be defined as getting away from instead of going towards somebody and something. Going away everyday environment is more important than the interest of visiting new people and regions. (Krippendorf, 2002). It is also important to look at surface factors for understanding the travel reasons of tourists (Nickerson, 1996). McIntosh and Goeldner (1990, cited in Nickerson, 1996) stated that thither were 4 kinds of motivators for basic travel. They included status and prestige, physical, interpersonal and cultural motivators. Firstly, status and prestige motivators are about the need for fame. Besides, people think that travel can secure admiration and recognition among their peers and friends. Secondly, physical motivators concern with health. Tourists may participate in sports event and take some recreation, and these actions are the motivators of keeping ones he alth. acquiring treatment, medical care and accompanying weight loss camp are related to remedial health motivators. Next, people want to make new friends, leave or visit friends and family, they are also defined as interpersonal motivators. Lastly, cultural motivators describe tourists have ardent curiosity and want to experience other cultures and lifestyle (Nickerson, 1996). Facilitators are also very important for tourists, such as, disposable income, low local bills rate, conveniently neighborly places, friendly locals and easy entry requirement. They all can stimulate tourists to visit certain destinations (Holloway, 2002). However, some people are not able to choose their favourite travel destination receivable to the limited money and m (Argyle, 1996). They comm nevertheless compare with different destinations which is the most reasonable price to travel. Then, they choose the most appealing places among those destinations. (Coltman, 1989). It is also important to und erstand the process about what tourists consume for travel experiences which is included costs of time and money (Page, 2003). Consumer behaviour is the process of the people to make decisions when facing various products. They concern about selecting, buying, using and estimating the products which can be invisible and visible (Reisinger, 2009). The main superman to understand motivation is more about what products tourists buy. Customers buy the products and services which base on the capacity to satisfy their needs and wants (Page and Connell, 2006). Many authors also consort tourism with consumption together (Greenwood, 1989 Burns and Holden, 1995 and Ritzer, 1998 cited in Burns, 1999). MacCannell (1976 cited in Burns, 1999) indicated that decease not only on recreation and tangible goods, but also on the local cultures that the countries they travel to.There are various kinds of tourists in the world. They can be categorised by demographic, social, economic, cultural, geogr aphic, psychographic and behavioural. Every kind of tourist also has various needs, behaviour and favourites (Reisinger, 2009). It is usually defined as overnight and same day visitors, such as excursionists. Obviously, excursionists will not seek any accommodation, but they shut up need to use other transference and infrastructure (Burns, 1999). Two exactly the same people cannot be found. Additionally, different expectation and viewpoints also can affect decision-making of travel destinations (Page, 2003). Mill and Morrison, 2002 indicated that if children can have opportunity in holiday decision making process, it can further the possibility of the children who are satisfied the holiday choice. natural and outside motivation can figure tourist motives out (Pearce, 1993 cited in Page, 2003). Intrinsic motivation is about individual needs to encourage themselves going travel. For example, tourists travel for self-improvement or self-realization. It can make them to have happin ess, fulfilment and ego-enhancement. On the other hand, extrinsic motivation is about surrounding factors which affect tourists attitudes, perceptions and preferences. For example, the tourism in the former Soviet Union, people sent labourers going on a vacation. Then, they would be refreshed and put in more efforts to work (Page, 2003). Erik Cohen announced a very famous tourism typology. He indicated that each(prenominal) kind of tourists interact with different destinations. It also can describe tourists behaviours and extent motivations. He separated into four types of tourists, such as, organised mass tourist, individual mass tourist, explorer and drifter. Organised and individual mass tourists keep staying in the environmental bubble, because people avoid have any unhappy aff strains. Thus, they are less in touch with locals. They will arrange their trips as primitively as possible. In contrast, explorer and drifter prefer to understand profoundly local culture and interact with locals. They will not remain in the environmental bubble (Burns, 1999).Tourism is the only way that it can let people to get away from daily routine temporarily and pop off some holidays in one or more travel destinations. A journey can be changed and planned according to ones preference (Leiper, 1990 cited in Page, 2003).Travel for shoppingWhy do people go shopping? Mowen, 1995 stated that shopping motivation is from wish, drive or urge. People will go and shop when they are in need of something. In addition, there are a lot of shopping motivations during trips, such as low currency rate and bargain prices. Tourists also buy gifts as souvenirs of travel destinations or for steadying the relationship with people (Tasci et al, 2010). However, some people like shopping because they enjoy the purchasing process, rather than the products (Vipul and Mahendra 2009). They probably just want to escape from workday and experience other cultures (Tasci et al, 2010).Nowadays, shopping b ecomes an important part in the tourism industry. It is even a main part of a journey (Holloway, 2002). Shopping in Hong Kong is the main legal action for tourists (Kwong, 1997). For example, tourists shopping outgo makes a powerful impact on Hong Kong local economy. It is unperturbed the main spending among all spending categories until 2009. The total expenditure of shopping on overnight and same-day in-town visitors were HK$82.12 billion, it was around US$10.5 (Census and Statistics Department, 2010). Moreover, Mainland Chinese tourists become the highest consumers within all markets in Hong Kong. They spend a good deal of their money on shopping (Wong et al, 2002). When certain of seasons, weeks or months are bargain sales in some countries, plenty of visitors will travel to those places (Holloway, 2002). For example, the beginning of January and July usually are the bargain sales period of most shops in Japan (Japan matter Tourism Organization, 2011). In addition, innovativ e and well-designed shopping malls and department stores are become an attraction of unfilled activity. These comfortable environments can attract massive tourists to spend in there and enjoy the facilities by themselves (Holloway, 2002).Travel for business argumentation Tourism is about people who go travelling for their work as the main purpose. Business travel is one of a most old-fashioned tourism types. The famous one is silk road which was the main connecting route of duty silk from Asia to Europe. Today, businessmen have to travel around the world ghostly due to many purposes. They have to present at the meeting, conferences, training courses, exhibitions and trade shows. The trip is fundamental for them because it concerns about the companies whether can be able to survive in the marketplace (Swarbrooke and Horner, 2004). The motivation of the business tourism is closely related to the companies. For this reason, they usually do not care about the cost of the trip, suc h as, air tickets prices. They prefer the best business deal to the negligible cost. Moreover, business tourists always consider the most convenient and fastest way to arrive the destinations, so the trustworthy and frequent transportation is very important for them. It is not only flights, but also boats and trains. Then, business tourists can finish missions on time (Holloway, 2002). Page and Connell, 2006 also states that the employees will be reward for good mental process if they succeed during the trip. China business travel spent USD$140.9 billion in 2010, it was increase 16.3% in coincidence with 2009. According to the current development in China, the figure was just what the province expected. More and more overseas companies also want to negotiate the business with China, because Chinese market is getting a big influence in the world. Therefore, business travel is an important activity (Global Business Travel Association, 2011).Holloway, 2002 indicated that business t ourists need to plan their journeys on the weekdays, because they hope to spend much time with their families at the weekends. It is fair enough since they are always ready whenever for the trip, even at night. They probably have a trip at short notice. The time of staying at home is getting less. In addition, business tourists have to face a lot of unheralded events, such as, delayed flights or traffic jams. They may be alone(p) and worried. It can be quite stressful for them (Lundberg, 1990). Therefore, some businessmen like to take their partner to the journey. They can make good use of the purposeless time to have a short pleasure trip. In some cases assistant is needed too if the trip is included leisure time. owe to travel frequently, some business tourists prefer particular airlines and take advantages of the frequent flyer programmes. Further, the trip cost is usually paid by the company. Thus, they do not select direct and the cheapest itinerary for making sure to be awa rded as many miles as they can (Holloway, 2002).Travel for visiting friends and relativesvisit friends and families also has a history. This type of tourism trend has been pandemic from 16th century (Girouard, 1978). There are plenty of people migrants around the world. This aeonian immigration can develop a tourism trend, visiting friends and relatives. It can provide a demand of tourism in those countries (Page and Connell, 2006). It is a good example in Guangdong Province, plenty of this kind of tourists over there. According to the history, Hong Kong was once part of Guangdong district. Thus, most ancestral homes of the residents are Guangdong. Owing to this special origin, a lot of Guangdong residents mostly have relatives and friends in Hong Kong nowadays (Tsui, 2004). Besides, there were higher up tens of thousands Hong Kong people migrated to overseas during 1980s to 1990s. The hot countries were The United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. However, the relatives and friends of the migrants were still in Hong Kong. Both of them had to be separated for a long time and they would look forward to seeing each other. Therefore, friends and relatives would travel in those countries for visiting the migrants. (Buckley, 1997). In addition, nowadays people go and join the wedding fellowship which is also defined as visiting friends and relatives, it is not just in an earlier stage. The transportations are becoming well developed, people can travel in other countries easily (Swarbrooke Horner, 2004).Travel for experiencing other culturesEvery country also has their own local culture. There are 12 cultural elements mainly, they are handicrafts, language, traditions, gastronomy, art and music, history, local work, architecture, religion educational system, dress and leisure activities. All of them can enable tourists to experience more about the local culture of the travel destinations (Mathieson and Wall, 1982). It is usually the main reason of a vi sitor travelling in a country (McKercher duCriss, 2003). Tourists can have a good opportunity to deeply understand the local culture by dint of the. For example, they can go to heritage attractions, try the local food and attend the local festival celebration during the journey (Swarbrooke Horner, 2004). There is a Mid-Autumn fete in Hong Kong annually. This festival represents togetherness and harmony of each family and people eat moon-cakes with their families together (Yip, 2008). sluice though it is also a Chinese Festival, Hong Kong has new ranges and varieties of moon-cakes (Tse, 2007). On the other hand, some tourists prefer to visit in a place which has similar cultural background. Tourists can communicate with the hosts easily because the language is slightly different or no discrepancy. (Reisinger, 2009). For example, Mainland Chinese frequently go travelling in Hong Kong. The cultural distance between this kind of visitors and the hosts is little or even there is not (Law et al, 2008).Currency rateThis is a significant part in tourism industry. It deeply concerns about the customers consumption. Tourists will be willing to travel in that place and they will spend more if the exchange rate is low (Tribe, 2005). People will choose hostile countries if the currency rate is optimal (Greenwood, 2007). Exchange rate is big influence to the tourism industry since the total cost of the trip. It is the main factor of tourist behaviour. Tourists will decide the travel destinations, length of stay, the amount of spending, the frequency of travel time and the travel style because of the exchange rate. For example, people will stay in hostel instead of hotel if the currency rate is high. Some tourists will even change to other travel destinations where are low currency rate (Crouch, 1994). It is a big impact of short haul tourists especially, because this kind of tourists has sudden whims to go travelling. As usual, they compare prices in host countries to their hometown (Greenwood, 2007). Moreover, tourists of group tour also will think that the cost of the trip increases when they are surcharged by the travel agency. When the currency rate is in an un roaring situation, most tourists will also believe that all tourism products are expensive. They will keep reining on their spending (Swarbrooke Horner, 2004). However, it is relatively weak influence on business travellers because they prefer to strike bargains rather than the cost of the travel way. For example, Even though the air ticket and hotel cost are increase, they will still continue their journeys (Crouch, 1994). Greenwood, 2007 indicated that exchange rate also affect less in long haul tourists. Normally, the tourists plan their journeys beforehand. Thus, they usually less concern the currency rate and continue to visit selected travel destinations.Government involvementGovernments sum up greatly to the tourism industry through financial support, they will lead up a lot of new projects which are planning and helping for the tourism. They need to manage and dominate the related component parts as all cost a very large amount to develop (Holloway, 2002). They act a main role in tourism industry. They can be a big help in tourism development (Lundberg, 1990). For example, Istanbul is developed to be a main shopping destination in comparison with neighbouring countries. The biggest and oldest shopping mall in the world is also located in this city. The government will hold a forty day long shopping festival from 18th March to 26th April this year. They also spiel many benefits to the visitors. Tourists can enjoy tax free shopping and get discounts on various products. Moreover, a brand new car will be awarded as the big prize everyday within the event (BI-ME staff, 2011). Promoting the tourism at overseas and home is necessary, because a good publicize of the vacation spot can attract many tourists to travel there (Holloway, 2002). For instance, the responsibility of Hong Kong Tourists Association is promoting tourism industry for booming the economy in Hong Kong. It advertises Hong Kong tourism is a fusion of the Orient and the Occident, or traditions and modernism. These themes have been mentioned in a lot of booklets and tour guides (Cheung, 1999). Choi et al, 2008 stated that Hong Kong also has other favourable conditions, such as, advantage in geography, safety, convenient to travel and live and special benefits to Mainland Chinese tourists. The countries, which target tourism revenue as their primary subject field income, always have tourism development scheme. It is included what new manmade attractions should be built, and attracting more tourists come and spend in the country. However, then they can price the industry at the same time. The national leadership can get up wide influence in tourism. They will agitate local to be discrimination or ardour in visitors (Lundberg, 1990).According to the above literature, th ere are various travel motivations which have reviewed. Satisfying psychological needs is the main reason. Shopping, business travel and cultural travel are the general travel types of Mainland Chinese tourists visiting Hong Kong. However, everyone also has different behaviour and two same people do not exist. Therefore, two research questions should be included is it only pull factors to make more and more Mainland Chinese tourists visiting Hong Kong? Secondly, what profile of Mainland Chinese tourists travelling in Hong Kong mainly?

Bhoodan Movement Essay

Bhoodan suit EssayVinoba Bhave was one of the gigantic spiritual leaders reformers of modern India,who was loved by count slight Indians. innate(p) in 1895, at the tender age of ten, Vinoba took a vow life-long sexual abstention selfless service. and then he met Gandhi and joined him in his struggle for freedom.As Vinoba himself put it I experienced with Gandhi the peace of the Himalayas the extremist spirit. Peaceful revolution, revolutionary peace, the two streams united in Gandhi in a way that was totally told new.Gandhi also wrote to Vinobas father, At a tender age, Vinoba has acquired a degree of spirituality ascetism that took me years of patient labour.In 1940 Gandhi chose Vinoba to be the first Satyagrahi, to offer non-violent underground to the British regime. Vinoba respected other religions also and studied them. Vinobas life shows the concurrence of a great man, and his commitment to non-violence, and power of love.After independence of india when gandhis repo rt started to fade from rafts memory, vinoba started his bhoodan movement. And in a period of twenty years, he travel conduct all across india by foot. Persuading subvertlords to give their land to poor plenty and he successfully distri anded four one million million million of land among poor wad.A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE BHOODAN-GRAMDAN MOVEMENTThe Bhoodan Movement or Land place Movement was initiated and inspired by Vinoba Bhave 1951. It was a land reform movement. And it helped in bringing Vinoba to the limelight.In 1951,the Third Annual Sarvodaya Conference was held at Shivarampali, a crossroads a few miles south of the city of Hyderabad in sulfur India. Vinoba left to attend the meeting and walked three hundred miles to Hyderabad. At that clock cartridge holder there was communistic rebellion in telangana. This army had tried to deaden the land monopoly of the rich landlords by driving them out or cleanup spot them and distri hardlying their land.Vinoba thought that in future there was a contest amongst principles of Gandhi and marx. In Hyderabad vinobas and other gandhians got their faith in non violence tested.On April eleventh 1951, the final day of conference,Vinoba say that he would tour the areas where communism was at peak in telangana.On April 18th 1951, was the day when Bhoodan movement started, when Vinoba entered Nalgonda district, where communist were in force. there he was confronted by topical anesthetic landless people and they gave him a warm reception. Vinoba visited harijans colony and subsequent in day harijans came to film him for eighty acres of land. Then Vinoba suggested that of government is not fine-looking land then possibly villagers squeeze out help each other. And then Vedre Ramachandra Reddy Bhoodhan, the local landlord promised to give hundred acres of land. This incident which was neither planned nor imagined was the precise outset of the Bhoodan movement and it made Vinoba bhave think that this method ca n be used to solve the biggest root of poverty in india that is land less people. The root of land monopoly, he reasoned, is greed. If greed can be outside from peoples mind,it would lead to end of the exploitation of poor people. As he later put it, We do not aim at doing mere acts of kindness, but at creating a Kingdom of Kindness. This movement later on went to depart more radical program and turned into village gift or Gramdan movement. This movement was a part of a comprehensive movement which led to the establishment of a Sarvodaya Society, both in India outside India. In the join States, major articles on Vinoba appeared in the New York Times, the New Yorker-Vinoba even appeared on the cover of Time.Some argue that the land given as a gift is often poor quality, barren, rocky and uncultivable. But its said that no land can be called useless. He used to say that more than the quality of the land,it should be seen that there is willingness among people to give their proper ty for a social cause.and that is the seeds of a mighty revolution. And the poor quality land could be utilized for pastures, afforestation, the rehabilitation of displaced people.The movement had its ups and downs. Vinoba went on to demand fifty million acres of land from whole of india for the landless people by 1957. And thereof a movement which was personal became a mass movement. But its decline started in 1971 and it collapsed under its own weight. And the land gift movement got changed into village gift or gramdan. In gramdan major part of village was donated by majority of villagers in favour of distribution of land equally among all villages families. Meanwhile the land gift was still there but it was neglected.The of import reason for the decline was the fact that it was not popular in non -tribal areas. in that respect were other programs also such as Sampattidan (Wealth-gift), Shramdan(Labour-gift), Jeevandan ( Life-long commitment to the movement by co-workers), Sadh andan (gift for agricultural operations).There were questions as to why the sampattidan, for example, was not launched at the same time as the bhoodan. As the Landless people receiving land due to bhoodan vend work on it unless they have the required materials. But acharya ji said he knew it from the beginning, but he chose to follow the formula which says attend soon enough to the root and all else will grow automatically. As everyone knows that fundamental line is land.The movement not only brought land to landless people but it also helped in igniting interest of people in gandhian philosophical system as educated people were overlooking those ideas if not considering irrelevant.Many people got moved by this movement among the prominent were Jayaprakash Narayan, a renowned Marxist, and a Socialist. He was a big leader in politics forrader and even after indias independence. He came close to the movement and realized that it was a very good idea which had its basis on gandhia n philosophyand he devoted his life for sarvodaya society.The movement was attracting not only attention from indian people but also from foreigner. Louis Fischer, the famous American said Gramdan is the virtually creative thought coming from the East in recent times. Hallam Tennyson, the grandson of the English poet, Alfred Tennyson, wrote a book, The Saint on the march in which he shared his experiences as he travelled with vinoba bhave in rural india. And American embassador to India Chester Bowles, said in his book, The dimensions of peace We experienced in 1955, the Bhoodan Movement it is giving the message of Renaissance in India. It offers a revolutionary alternative to communism, as it is founded on human dignity.The British Industrialist, Earnest Barder was so much strike by the Bhoodan movement that he implemented the Gandhian concept and alloted 90% share of his company to his industrial workers. Arthur Koestler, in 1959 wrote in London Observer, that the Bhoodan Mov ement was presenting itself as a substitute to the Nehruvian model of Western development.To conclude it can be said that even after having its limitations bhoodan movement was a tenuous attempt for soving land problems thorough means of gandhian philosophy. And it helped in plait if socio-economic-political order of relevance and significance.

Essay --

The analysis explored in this document is implementing a class unit of measurement for p arents adopting a different speed up from their own. Adopting outside of a race is a life altering decision because of regulating mechanisms that condition batch to accept or reject individuals based on their appearances. in that location are not any programs that guide transracial sufferances after they occur. Society as a whole has its own prejudices. The adoptive parents should know about their childrens cultural backgrounds. Society is not very conscience of prejudging it is just something that is a explode of life. This is unfortunately one more issue dealt with by adopted children. The program that is trying to be implemented leave alone allow both the parents and children throughout life are preparing and building strong foundations for a great future. There is no program as of yet that is design for post transracial adoptions. unit allow be very beneficial to the adoption co mmunity. The focus will be to strengthen adopted childrens cultural identity. Having that inter roundion amidst race and family shapes the future of a great outcome for adopted children. UNIT will provide the avenues allowing each and every child the opportunity to disclose and experience their own journey toward self-discovery. Program UNIT will in spades back the Multiethnic Placement Act, commonly known as MEPA of 1994. This act was set forth to keep children of color from staying in the system hourlong than necessary because parents of their own race and cultural groups are not obtainable. locomote should not be factored in when dealing with adoption but it is. Religions and direction often are factors that determine whether adoption will transpire. Many studies lay out the higher up the education ladder you ... ... system today. The need for a program like this one focusing on post transracial adoption is great. One of the leading problems among adopted teens today is te en suicide. Puberty is a time where emotions are at an all-time high. UNIT will be the outlet for the childrens emotions. Another common issue among adopted children is the feelings of isolation and loneliness. Children believe that no one understands these feelings within this program children of all ages will learn there are others that are in the same plight they are in. This program will teach children to believe in themselves because everyone has something to amaze to the table. UNIT is going to connect the dots helping parents take care of the body, mind, and aroma of each and every child they adopt. Bonds will be formed among the children and likewise the parents bringing together a united community

Jay-Z Bio :: essays research papers

     Jay-Z was born Shawn Corey Carter on December 4, 1969. He grew up in the infamous Marcy projects in Brooklyn with a sister and a brother. You would think that just growing up on the Marcy projects would be leaden enough on a kid, but at the age of twelve, Shawns parents got a divorce. Shawn then attended the Brooklyn High school with two of straightaways better known rappers, Biggie Smalls and Busta Rhymes.      Shawn Carter was an intelligent and promising student, but he had behavior problems. He was introduced to the life of drugs and crime at the age of 16, where he stayed and didnt look back until, in 1992, he decided to conk the world of drugs and crime. Soon after doing this he began looking for a say deal as a solo artist. But Shawn just wasnt getting lucky. It wasnt until a friend, Roc-A-Fella CEO Damon ram, convinced him to form a place down company with him that Jay-Zs career finally got off the ground. Jay-Z released his first single through with(predicate) Roc-A-Fella in 1995, "In My Lifetime." It was a hit in New York, and helped Dash secure a distribution deal for Jay-Zs first album, commonsensible Doubt.      Although Reasonable Doubt wasnt a huge success, it showed that the young spell from Brooklyn had skills and was not to be taken lightly. More importantly, it earned the admirations from stars as alter from Notorious B.I.G. to Ice Cube. One of his songs even made its way onto the nutlike professor soundtrack.      Shawns career only went up from there. In 1997, Jay-Zs follow-up, In My Lifetime, Vol. 1, peaked at 3 on the Billboard album charts, and helped plunge his career and mainstream success. He continued releasing top selling records until 2003, when he announced the release of the Black Album as his last record.

Hitlers Victory at the 1936 Summer Olympics :: World War II History

Hitlers Victory at the 1936 Summer exceedingsAdolf Hitler, the drawing card of Greater Germany, August 1, 1936, opened the 1936 World 11th Summer exceeding Games in Berlin, Germany. Adolf Hitler was a perfect host he wel buzz offd the worlds ath permites to the Berlin Olympic Stadium, which was designed to seat an audience of 110,000. During the 1936 Summer Olympic Games, Hitler applauded both German and American athletes, as well as winning athletes from whole other nations. even up though a perfect host at the 1936 Summer Olympics, Adolf Hitler was free the leader of Greater Germany. Yes, one could be a great host, and pacify support the home aggroup, as other world leaders were demonstrating at that time. Each world leader, at that time, wanted their nations team to win at the 1936 Summer Olympics. Adolf Hitler felt the same towards the German team. Hitler wanted to demonstrate both concepts at the 1936 Summer Olympics 1. An whole White Nordic Christian Olympic Team coul d come in setoff piazza. 2. Working Class Participants could attire their status in the world through their own efforts. Participants in all situations, could be judged on their individual actions, not on the economic status of their parents or ancestors alone. The German 1936 Summer Olympic Team did not let Hitler down. The German team, consisting completely of White Nordic Christian members, came in first place during the 1936 Summer Olympic Games held in Berlin, Germany. Among the working class German athletes to win a Gold Medal during the 1936 Summer Olympics, Karl Hein, a carpenter, won a Gold Medal for the Olympic event called THE HAMMER THROW. Karl Hein stony-broke a world record, which was held for 24 years. During the 1936 Summer Olympics, held in Berlin, the German team won 33 Gold Medals, and 89 Medals in total Olympic categories. Adolf Hitler was very proud of the German 1936 Summer Olympic Team. Hitler was able to rebel that an all White Nordic Christian Olympic Team could come in first place, and an individual could raise ones status in animation through individual efforts, in spite of coming from a sphacelate working class background. The American team came in second place at the 1936 Summer Olympic Games. Hitler was very impressed by all American athletes at the 1936 Summer Olympics and applauded them. The Olympic Team from France, impressed by their host, Adolf Hitler, gave the Nazi solute as they entered the Berlin Olympic Stadium in 1936 the first time.

Billy Budd - Good And Evil Essay -- essays research papers

In the play truncheon Budd, the author, Hermann Melvinne, creates two conflicting character personalities which atomic number 18 portrayed as high-priced and evil. John Claggart (Master-At-Arms) tries to destroy Billy Budd because he is jealous of Billys reputation and acceptance among the crew. There is alike a conflict involving headman Vere when he is forced to decide on the fate of Billy Budd aft(prenominal) he kills Claggart.Billy is a handsome, newfangled sailor, new to the ship and impetuous to impress. Billy becomes very popular with the crew. When seeing Billy accepted by the crew it reminds him of the their dislike for him and he becomes jealous. The Danksters conversation with Claggart also shows his worship that he will lose the reason he held from the fear of others when he says they turn from hating you to loving him... Billy Budd - dangerous And Evil Essay -- essays research papers In the play Billy Budd, the author, Hermann Melvinne, create s two conflicting character personalities which are portrayed as good and evil. John Claggart (Master-At-Arms) tries to destroy Billy Budd because he is jealous of Billys reputation and acceptance among the crew. There is also a conflict involving Captain Vere when he is forced to decide on the fate of Billy Budd after he kills Claggart.Billy is a handsome, young sailor, new to the ship and eager to impress. Billy becomes very popular with the crew. When seeing Billy accepted by the crew it reminds him of the their dislike for him and he becomes jealous. The Danksters conversation with Claggart also shows his fear that he will lose the power he held from the fear of others when he says they turn from hating you to loving him...

If These Walls Could Talk: The Evolution of Abortion Essay -- Abortion

If These Walls Could spill the beans The Evolution of AbortionIn the course of study 2001, women groundwork receive legal abortions. That was not the case just a itsy-bitsy time ago. Imagine digestdle light vigils, signs that state PRO behavior IS A WAR TO THE END and religious fanatics preaching the words You mustiness Repent. These are the things women must endure to this day just to throw in the doors of a womens clinic. Regardless of a routine Pap dirty or a termination the lingering words of a protestor can be heard just to enter a clinic. The movie If These Walls Could Talk takes you through three different time periods, the 50s, 70s and the 90s, and each time period deals with a story of a woman and her dilemma in dealing with abortion. Whether it is legal or not in that time, one idea stays the same. Equality Now, it is our choice as women.The time is 1952 Clare Donnelly (played by Demi Moore) is a widow who is dealing with a pregnancy. The paradox that exis ts is that the father of her child is her deceased husbands brother. Six months afterward his death a one-night occurrence happened between them. She was intoxicated, lonely, and severely depressed. They never once more spoke of it after that one time. When she comes home from work she shuts all the drapes and sits in the dark drinking. She wants badly to terminate the pregnancy. At work she inquires with a twist about receiving an abortion. His direct response is of shame. He resents her for even asking him. She is direful and pleas for his help. His response is, you put yourself in this situation. In extreme despair she returns home that night and takes an abundance of migraine pills. It only results were vomiting. Her second try out was approaching a co-worker. Th... ... very controversial topic out into view. viewers can see just how abortion has evolved through the decades and may intensify many quite a littles minds about how they think of abortion. Seein g the despondency on the faces of the women in the three different years never changes. both three are left with only a few choices that they must make on their own, where none of the choices are very appealing, and decide on something that they will have to live with for the rest of their lives. No matter what year it is though, each woman has been left to deal with being pregnant and what to do about it on her own. That is something to think about. This movie achieves a good rating, and is recommended for people who want to see what abortion is about from the view of a victim, soulfulness left to deal with it on her own and make a stopping point that will follow her for the rest of her life.

Morally Ambiguous Characters in Fyodor Dostoevskys Crime and Punishmen

Of ten dollar bill times in literature, we argon presented with quintessential characters that be any placed into the conventional categories of either technical or bad. In these pieces, we are usually able to differentiate the characters and discover their true intentions from reading precisely a few chapters. However, in some remarkable pieces of work, authors create characters that are so realistic and so complex that we are unable to severalise them as purely good or evil. In the novel discourtesy and Punishment, Fyodor Dostoevsky develops the chastely ambiguous characters of Raskolnikov and Svidrigailov to provide us with an interesting read and to bless us a chance to evaluate each character. Svidrigailov is one of the closely unfathomable characters in Crime and Punishment. As the novel goes on, Svidrigailovs interestingness of Dunya progresses into sheer harassment. After eavesdropping on Raskolnikovs confession to Sonya, he uses his newly acquired information to lure Dunya into his room. Svidrigailov proceeds to promise help to Raskolnikov if she go away shit him her hand in marriage. He then threatens to rape her when she tries to run away. even off when Svidrigailov appears to be purely evil, he surprises us all when his rational side kicks in and allows Dunya to leave. Although he may seem to be the cold-hearted villain of the book, his good deeds cannot go unnoticed. It cannot be forgotten that he is willing to go across Dunya the three thousand rubbles in his wifes will and offers ten thousand rubbles to help Dunya because he thinks her marriage will be a disadvantage to her in the end. Once Katerina Ivanonva dies, Svidrigailov also promises to pay for the funeral arrangements and to provide for the children, who will be sent to an orphanage. Although... ...ing to compensate for them. As his guilt is almost do eating him inside and out, Raskolnikov finally admits and with a new love, he points his sprightliness in a w hole new direction. Svidrigailovs moral ambiguity seems to play a smaller part in the whole skeleton than Raskolnikovs, making a subplot for the story and adding details to make it more exciting. If these characters were twain purely evil, and had no guilt whatsoever, this would be simply a deadening story of unhinged men. Adding both good and evil sides to an individual adds a little something extra to the story that distinguishes it from many other pieces of literature. Aside from adding to the storyline, these morally ambiguous characters give students a chance to practice their skill at analyzing characters and think for themselves, forming their own outlooks on the characters and the book as a whole.

Essay --

In the book Playing with the Boys Why Separate Is non Equal in Sports by Eileen McDonagh and Laura Pappano, the authors examine how sex separationism is attest in sports today. McDonagh and Pappano distinguish the difference between unpaid sex requisition and coercive sex segregation and what the main problem today in sports is. Along with the types of sex segregation, they also identify something that is an example of sex segregation along with the causes and effects of it. Sex segregation in sports can bunk to gender inequalities in sports of all levels. Coercive sex segregation differs from voluntary sex segregation in that with coercive females are assumed to be inferior to males, which contributes to the segregation. With voluntary, females willingly self-segregate themselves into things like all girls schools or an all womens sports team. The Three Is associated with coercive are inferiority, injury, and immorality. The Three Is are false assumptions that contribute to se x segregation in sports. Inferiority refers to the idea that females are inferior to males, injury r...

Does Original Voice Exist? :: Ernest Hemingway Literature Essays

Does Original Voice Exist?From Ernest Hemingways _The Sun Also Rises_ microphone was a bad drunk. Brett was a near(a) drunk. Bill was a good drunk. Cohn was never drunk. Mike was unpleasant after he past a certain point. I liked to see him hurt Cohn. I wished he would not do it, though, because afterward it made me feel disgusted at myself. That was morality things that made you disgusted afterward. No, that must be immorality. That was a large-mouthed statement. Does this sound like a man mumbling? Or is this a complete thought? Hemingways voice is mere(a). His voice also allows interpretation from the proofreader. Does that nasty it is also open and vague? Maybe, barely you get to make the decisions. Hemingway allows it.The character reference sounds simple. He thinks on simple terms. He also calls the series of simple comments a large statement. If the reader delves into the literature, it is a large statement. If the reader takes it for face value, its a simple statement. The character speaking makes a apocalypse to himself. That is why I think it is a large statement. He finds something out about himself. He is honest with himself. Dialogue and exact spell out of pronunciations can show ya what the writers all about. Its not clear all the time, but itll be more personal than a bunch of scientific hogwash. non that that writing doesnt serve a purpose.... Anyway if your gonna be personal, your readers better be able ta understand your tongue, otherwise the communication stops stream forem and they hafta look at your words more than your ideas. Does this flow for ya? Well, I warnt presbyopic making him understand I warnt dead. I was ever so lucky to see Jim. I warnt so lonesome now. I told him I warnt aquaphobic of him telling the people where I was. I talked along, but he totally set there and looked at me never said nothing. Then I says Its good daylight. Les get breakfast. Make up your campfire good. Whats de use er makin up de camp fire to cook strawbries en such truck? entirely you got a gun, haint you? Den we kin get sumfin better den strawbries. (Mark duette from _Adventures of Huckleberry Finn_) It may or may not flow, but ya get a good feel for the characters. You can make assumptions and fit them inta stereotypes so theyre recognizable.

My Friends Tell Me I am Not an Atheist :: Personal Narrative essay about myself

My Friends Tell Me I am Not an atheistical Its remarkable how many of my friends insist I am non an atheist. It seems pretty obvious to me that I dont believe any divinity exists, and that pretty much makes me an atheist. Nevertheless, here these mint are, so insistent that I cannot possibly be an atheist. Youre too nice, they say, or you real believe, you just dont do it it (hows that again?). Sometimes I hear something like You believe in something, and that is authentically theology or you are still looking, but youll go back Him (hes invited to stop by my house at any time). When I apply the time to converse with these tribe, however, it usually comes down to this Im really an deist, they say, because I am volitioning to admit that I dont feel there isnt any god. It is ostensibly so important for people to believe that Im really just an agnostical that I lift this to be a haunting sign of the concur religion has on people. It is tragic that the mere thought of a uncorrupted friend or relative being an actual, avowed atheist is so horrible that it must be denied. Sometimes I grow the disaster to explain that I am an atheist not because I be intimate there isnt a god, but because I dont believe there is. If person insisted that their pet fish could talk, I really couldnt say I knew it didnt, specially if I could not go and see for myself, but it would still be fair for me to say that there are no talking fish. The relevancy of this is that I do not believe god exists any much than than I believe fish can talk. Certainly, I have not examined all species of fish, nor every single fish for that matter, nor could I ever save such a feat, but the claim that they exist is so cussed to my own personal experience and reliable facts that I simply go forth not believe it unless very definitive proof is provided. Of course, if I overthrow persons pet fish and it talks to me, I am still wiser to discharge the possibilities of trickery or insanity before believing it can really talk. But if I found many fish that talked, trustworthy people confirmed it, scientists published carefully researched papers about them, and newspaper headlines hear INCREDIBLE DISCOVERY TALKING FISH then it would be much than reasonable to believe they existed.My Friends Tell Me I am Not an Atheist Personal Narrative essay about myselfMy Friends Tell Me I am Not an Atheist Its remarkable how many of my friends insist I am not an atheist. It seems pretty obvious to me that I dont believe any god exists, and that pretty much makes me an atheist. Nevertheless, here these people are, so insistent that I cannot possibly be an atheist. Youre too nice, they say, or you really believe, you just dont get along it (hows that again?). Sometimes I hear something like You believe in something, and that is really god or you are still looking, but youll find Him (hes invited to stop by my house at any time). When I have the time to converse with t hese people, however, it usually comes down to this Im really an agnostic, they say, because I am willing to admit that I dont know there isnt any god. It is ostensibly so important for people to believe that Im really just an agnostic that I find this to be a haunting sign of the acknowledge religion has on people. It is tragic that the mere thought of a entire friend or relative being an actual, avowed atheist is so horrible that it must be denied. Sometimes I have the outlook to explain that I am an atheist not because I know there isnt a god, but because I dont believe there is. If someone insisted that their pet fish could talk, I really couldnt say I knew it didnt, particularly if I could not go and see for myself, but it would still be fair for me to say that there are no talking fish. The relevance of this is that I do not believe god exists any more than than I believe fish can talk. Certainly, I have not examined all species of fish, nor every single fish for that ma tter, nor could I ever extend to such a feat, but the claim that they exist is so setback to my own personal experience and reliable facts that I simply will not believe it unless very definitive proof is provided. Of course, if I piffle someones pet fish and it talks to me, I am still wiser to prove the possibilities of trickery or insanity before believing it can really talk. But if I found many fish that talked, trustworthy people confirmed it, scientists published carefully researched papers about them, and newspaper headlines record INCREDIBLE DISCOVERY TALKING FISH then it would be more than reasonable to believe they existed.

The Healthcare Industry of America; An investigative look at HMOs Essa

The wellnessc be effort of America An investigative look at HMOs Its no secret that health Maintenance Organizations, known as HMOs, have made healthcargon cheap for many Americans, but at what risks? Most employers offer some graphic symbol of health care plan that is an HMO. Lets face it, given the choice among indemnity coverage through your employer, in which he pays half the costs, or getting private redress coverage outside your employer, most Americans choose to go with employer-provided HMOs. Why then, has in that location been so much controversy with HMOs? An HMO is an physical composition whereby the subscriber, or patient, is allowed to choose a medical provider from a tend of doctors within a certain medical group. Each physician has subscribe a contract to see patients at a reduced rate. This guinea pig of plan does not allow the patient freedom to see and any doctor. All referrals to a doctor, other than the patients primary care physician, moldiness be ap proved by both that physician, and the insurance company. Most physicians pass on HMOs as a supplement to their practices. With HMOs, the patient has little or no co-payment depending on how the plan is set up. Most HMO co-payments range amid $5 to $15 dollars per office visit. The doctor, whitethorn receive half or less than half of his normal fee from the insurance companies. HMOs are characterized with the end to over or under treat patients. HMOs put limitations not sole(prenominal) if on the income of the provider, but besides on the compositors caseface of treatment that whitethorn be done. If a patient is in need of a specia inclination for a specific ailment, the insurance company has to review and approve a referral and deem it necessary. The process involves the patient going to his or her general practitioner, in like manner re... ...he pros. It helps immensely if you have the support of your primary care physician. If you have a hearing, find out how many peop le will be thither and make up a folder for each one.a). Contact topical anesthetic lawmakers, senators, representatives.b). Contact your State Insurance Commission in writing near your complaint. Send copies of correspondence in the midst of you and your HMO. Let the HMO know you are contacting your State Insurance Commission. Works Cited Evans, M. Stanton. If youre in an HMO, heres why. Consumers Research Magazine, Dec. 1997 p10(6). Sherrid, Pamela. Mismanaged Care. U.S. News & origination Report, Nov. 24, 1997 p57(3). Lowenberg, Stanley C. Hard Path to HMO reform. Los Angeles Times, Feb. 2, 1998 pB(4) col. 1. Figueroa, Liz. State Regulations of health care Reform. Los Angeles Times, March 4, 1998 pB(6) col. 4. The Healthcare labor of America An investigative look at HMOs EssaThe Healthcare Industry of America An investigative look at HMOs Its no secret that Health Maintenance Organizations, known as HMOs, have made healthcare inexpensive for many Americans, but at what risks? Most employers offer some type of health care plan that is an HMO. Lets face it, given the choice among insurance coverage through your employer, in which he pays half the costs, or acquiring private insurance coverage outside your employer, most Americans choose to go with employer-provided HMOs. Why then, has there been so much controversy with HMOs? An HMO is an governing whereby the subscriber, or patient, is allowed to choose a medical provider from a list of doctors within a certain medical group. Each physician has subscribe a contract to see patients at a reduced rate. This type of plan does not allow the patient freedom to see barely any doctor. All referrals to a doctor, other than the patients primary care physician, essential be approved by both that physician, and the insurance company. Most physicians adjoin HMOs as a supplement to their practices. With HMOs, the patient has little or no co-payment depending on how the plan is set up. Most HMO c o-payments range between $5 to $15 dollars per office visit. The doctor, may receive half or less than half of his normal fee from the insurance companies. HMOs are characterized with the aim to over or under treat patients. HMOs put limitations not only on the income of the provider, but also on the type of treatment that may be done. If a patient is in need of a specializer for a specific ailment, the insurance company has to review and approve a referral and deem it necessary. The process involves the patient going to his or her general practitioner, also re... ...he pros. It helps immensely if you have the support of your primary care physician. If you have a hearing, find out how many people will be there and make up a folder for each one.a). Contact local anaesthetic lawmakers, senators, representatives.b). Contact your State Insurance Commission in writing somewhat your complaint. Send copies of correspondence between you and your HMO. Let the HMO know you are contacting your State Insurance Commission. Works Cited Evans, M. Stanton. If youre in an HMO, heres why. Consumers Research Magazine, Dec. 1997 p10(6). Sherrid, Pamela. Mismanaged Care. U.S. News & humankind Report, Nov. 24, 1997 p57(3). Lowenberg, Stanley C. Hard Path to HMO reform. Los Angeles Times, Feb. 2, 1998 pB(4) col. 1. Figueroa, Liz. State Regulations of Healthcare Reform. Los Angeles Times, March 4, 1998 pB(6) col. 4.

Gray-Hat Hacking Essay -- Computers Technology Hackers Essays Research

Gray-Hat Hacking OverviewComputer security is a growing care with the onset of always-on connections in the home and the emerging global network. More and more than flock become connected everyday. The reliance on computers in our insouciant lives has increased the need for security and has shifted the ethical line for nags and hacking. A galley slave is someone with deep knowledge of and great interest in a system. A hacker is someone who likes to delve into the inner workings of a system to find out how it works.2 The definition of a hacker has been skewed in recent years by the press to connotate people who break into computer systems. The term has also evolved to represent people who defend computer systems and those that break into them. These newly termed hackers can be classified into tierce categories white-hat, black-hat, and gray-hat hackers. White-hat hackers are employed by corporations and work on the good typeface to secure computer systems without breaking in to them. Black-hat hackers work on the bad attitude and attempt to compromise systems in illegal ways. Gray-hat hackers occupy the gray infinite of hacking and break into systems to learn and expose flaws, often as a redevelopment to the computer community. The ethical line dividing white-hat hackers and black-hat hackers is clear. However, the line that separates gray-hat hackers from black-hat hackers is constantly shifting in the new global network. Hacking that whitethorn have been considered ethical yesterday may not be true today due to the impact on global systems in the form of dollars loss and downtime.Hacking has evolved from simply having knowledge of systems by harmlessly breaking into them to an issue of security and computer crimes (cybercrimes). Hacking attac... ...um Copyright Act, 1998, http//www.copyright.gov/ economy/dmca.pdf5 Deborah Radcliff, Playing by Europes rule, 2001, http//www.computerworld.com/securitytopics/security/ base/0,10801,62057,00.html6 US De partment of Justice, Federal Computer Intrusion Laws,http//www.usdoj.gov/ guilty/cybercrime/cclaws.html7 Council of Europe, Convention on Cybercrime CETS No.185, 2001,http//conventions.coe.int/Treaty/EN/cadreprincipal.htm8 CSI / FBI, Computer Crime and Security Survey, 2003,http//i.cmpnet.com/gocsi/db_area/pdfs/fbi/FBI2003.pdf9 George W. Bush, Presidents centre to the Senate on the Council of Europe Convention on Cybercrime, 2003,http//www.usdoj.gov/criminal/cybercrime/senateCoe.pdf10 US Department of Justice, FAQ on Council of Europe Convention on Cybercrime, 2003,http//www.usdoj.gov/criminal/cybercrime/COEFAQs.htm