America and the world in the years to come

Alternate dismisss refer to brawn sources, which ar not ground on the burning of fogey burns or nuclear fusion. Sustain competent sinew strategies atomic number 18 essential at this point if there has to be a security in zippo supply for the States and the world in the years to come. This is compounded by the fact that every effort is cosmos made to reduce the greenhouse effect. Fossil fuels ar becoming and willing continue to be less favourable as advance in the twenty-first century (Wells 2005) Growing technology in replacement fuels includes parachute fuel vehicles, fuel cubicles.Much of the efforts in clean energy have foc employ on total heat applications in the transfereeation domain. Stationary power and electrical energy has attracted little focus, or even a combination of the two (Lipman and endure 2006) get together States is speedy for the use of stick out fuels as energy sources. The outcry for America now is working towards an energy security ensu ring a sustainable future in energy submits. The needs for energy and power in the time come forecasted to keep growing (Holilian and Mayes 2003)America and all developed and cultivation nations need now more than ever before to ensure and unsex their freedom from overseas fogy oil dependence. Measures to loll around there should take an all-out, no bounds approach as the faster we ascertain there the ruin for the country. Millions of US dollars will be saved by reducing crude oil imports to the country. The economy will in standardized manner be streng soed (Jim Wells 2005). Countries give care Brazil are al typeset able to fuel climb uply 70 percent (70%) of their vehicles in the country with ethanol, replacing oil as the original fuel.That manner that it is indeed possible to get to freedom from foreign oil dependence. Nations all over the world are running for the same energy resources. With tensions in Iraq, Iran and Venezuela growing, accelerated by the equall y growing demand for fossil oils, the strain freighternot be trusted. Oil prices have been too unstable, hitting records spicys per caskful in the recent past. Due to this factor, America can not sustain but be ready for replacement fuel sources or else it energy have a hard time fuelling its economy in the near future.America is also ready for trade fuel because the technology for utilization of alternate sources already exists. Whether it is fuel mobile phones, or ethanol production plants or solar panels in contrary specifications, or come up mills of various sizes or even cars meeting specifications for use of alternate fuels, all these and various early(a) technologies beg to be exploited maximally in order to achieve energy efficiently general motors alone has built more than 1. 5 million ethanol compliant vehicles (Giney Lee, Holilian and Mayes 2003)America is ready because, use of alternate sources means a better economy and employment opportunities for the Americ an people. Exploiting use of alternate energy sources means the products produced locally gain added nurse. Businesses in the energy sector get to do more business. Expatriates in renewable energy get to do more. Research and increase efforts by the department of energy get more engaged and provide more energy solutions. The rural America gets cheaper energy sources. In essence it is a plus for the economy. Finally, America is ready because, the world trend is moving towards a cleaner, greener environment.Insisting on use of fossil fuels provide no opportunities for the reduction of the green-house effort (Gordon 2001 . Use of alternate fuel sources means a cleaner environment, reduced carbon emissions and less nephrotoxic waste in our environment. A look at the various optious on hand(predicate) for the US economy is inorder. Petrol, diesel and natural gas locomotive engines can be replaced by hydrogen-fuel cells. Hydrogen energy carrys or power lay are becoming a consisten t development within the United States. These energy stations would use fuel cells for electricity. Production by a stream of pure hydrogen (Lipman and Brooks 2006)Normally hydrogen is simply delivered or produced at a station using a fuel crusader, then compressed and supplied. Energy stations have the advantage that they can combine integrated systems for electricity production such that there is virtually for use within the precincts or supplies to the local grid, it can use each waste-heat for warming or cooling the building and use the purified hydrogen to fuel cars. There is potential for the growth of hydrogen as an alternate(a) source. dissimilar states are developing and new(prenominal)s already finished their plans for the hydrogen revolution.State plans have effected in California, Ohio, New York, Florida, Massachusetts and Connectient are in their planning stages. Incorporating hydrogen stations into these plans would help to get there faster. Opportunities exist too for fade based agreements with the state authorities such that hydrogen stations bugger off feasible projects. There is potential in both private and prevalent investment in hydrogen energy. Ethanol can be amalgamate directly in petrol. Blends of up to 20% can be through without engine modifications. Dependant on the ethanol quality, ethanol blended diesels fuels need the use of emulsifiers and stabilizers.Ethanol is easily guaranteed from corn or even other grains want sorghum or other biomass same corn cobs, cornstalks, wheat, straw, rice straw, swap grass, vegetable and forestry waste. It is very ideal as a gasoline categorisation for its ability to increase the near-complete combustion of gasoline, which means it is environmentally friendly. It can be produced in large quantities and of note its capital outlay is quite reasonable, it ends up benefiting the corn and other grain farmers by giving them right value for their product.Especially in rural America, ethanol is fast becoming highly demanded fuel. With a higher demand, has come also a high production. More plants are coming up and existing ones expanding condenser. Some farmers have together to define up ethanol production plants too. Ethanol has attracted investment from quarters like Bill Gates of Microsoft, Sir Richard Branson of the virgin Atlantic group, Vinold Khosla of the Silicon Valley wal-mart stores and also Shell and Exxon Mobil. This is bound to have a positive impact on the ethanol industry in the US.Wind energy is another available alternate energy source. It is clean and hence very attractive as an environmental friendly source of energy. The department of energy has increasingly invested in wind-generated power. In 2005, America improved its wind capacity more any other single nation in the world, bringing its overall national wind energy capacity to 9,149 megawatts. In the year that followed 2,454 megawatts of power were added totaling to a capacity of 11,603 megawatt s. With initiatives like wind powering America the use of wind as an alternate wind source is bound to keep growing.Solar energy is another alternative and renewable source of energy. Also clean and it can be be as heat or electricity from the sun when it hits a solar cell, when it hits an absorber sur salute and gives heat energy, when it hits a solar sail in a space craft, causing motion, when it hits a light causing it to rotate or when carried through fibre optic cables to give lighting in a building. Wave and fidal power are also used at the sea frouts. Waves yield more energy than tides.America is yet to seriously experiment with this soft of energy source. Another biofuel that is available is the use of biogas that uses biomass from cows. It is still relatively used in small areas in America unlike countries like Sweden and Finland which 17% and 19% of their demand with biofuels. Looking at the various alternatives available to us, it appears like hydrogen would be the best for the reasons that it offers a unique combination of electricity generation, thermic energy and hydrogen production within an energy station (Lipman and Brooks).This co-generation ability means a much higher efficiently in energy conversion. Eventually that means lowered fuel cost, improved economics and increased energy security. The energy stations, due ability in different designs have various functional and economic trade-offs. How and median(a) temperature fuel cell design come in three varieties. The proton exchange membrane saltlike (PEM), and the phosphonic acid one. Current estimates for all three ranges from two molar concentration phoebe bird one hundred ($2, 5000) dollars to four k dollars ($4,000) per kilowatt of energy.The high temperature fuel cell design comes in two varieties namely molten carbon and steadfast oxide. Current estimates for the same are three thousand dollars ($3,000) to four thousand dollars ($4,000) per kilowatts. The hydrogen engine gene ration set which features a generator estimates before long at about three thousand dollars ($3,000) per kilowatt. Future estimates for the low and medium temperature fuel cell design oscillate between two thousand and fifty dollars to one thousand five hundred dollars ($250-$ 1, 5000) per kilowatt of energy.The high temperature fuel cell design future estimates for molten carbon and steady oxide averages two hundred and fifty dollars to one thousand dollars ($250-1, 000) per kilowatt. The hydrogen engine generator sets estimate for the future is five hundred dollars ($500) per kilowatt (Lipman and Brooks 2006). The costs refer to the initial capital costs to enable an energy station to start operations. The costs associated will of course vary in solve areas depending on availability of facilities and the operating and living costs.Economically the stations end up as more attractive options than sets that are dedicated entirely as hydrogen refueling systems. The transportation d epartment seems to have a critical exercise in all this. It is by default, that the transport sector consumes the bulk of the fuel. Transport has a critical role to play in fictionalizing all sectors. Due to this factor, it is possible to use the transport department in organizations, politics agencies and commercial fleets as change agents in introducing the new fuels.The use of hydrogen cells for example, require a considerably cosmic fleet to make it commercially viable (Lipman and Brooks 2006) State projects could go in into memorandum of understanding with shuttle fleets and pools of cars owned jointly to have, them as stakeholders in implementation of energy blue prints. Beginning from here, the change can then spread to other people within the society. It is imperative for the federal government and individual state government to focus on the introduction of sustainace and development use of alternate energy source if America has to remain able to supply its energy needs in the long run.Hydrogen and ethanol are all attractive options for the America economy and further research and development efforts need to be initiated. Funding is also necessary as thoroughly as building cooperation between public and private sectors. The states should be ready to offer funding, information and other incentives to take stakeholders to attract investment. In the face of all this, regulatory mechanisms are crucial to ensure that the public in reality benefit from the emerging technologies. References Jeffrey M Gordon 2001 solar energy issues position papers crowd and James/Earthscan. Pp. 23-56. Lipman E Timothy and Brooks Cameron 2006 hydrogen energy statious poly-production of electricity, hydrogen and thermal energy pp 5-23 Jim Wells 2005. University of California. Meeting energy demand in the 21st century many challenges and key questions testimony before the subcommittee on energy and resource, committee on government reform, House of Representatives. Diane p ublishing Louise Gieny-lee, Peter Holilian and Fred Mayer. renewable energy annual 2002 with preliminary data fro 2002 2003. Diane publishers pp 13-20